Abnormal function of one joint interferes with the function of the other. Movement of the mandible involves bilateral action of the TMJ. 9-12 Stylomandibular and sphenomandibular ligaments. Cutting with a knife, holding a telephone to the ear, reading a newspaper, rising from a chair, opening a door, pouring from a pitcher, writing at a table, and working on a computer did not result in much cervical ROM.įig. 9-5), placing an object on a high shelf ( Fig. Activities that required the greatest amount of cervical ROM were reported to be looking over the shoulder when driving a car in reverse (rotation) ( Fig. Bennett et al 5 reported on the amount of cervical ROM required for 13 daily functional tasks in 28 subjects (aged 21 to 26 years). 11 Limitations in cervical ROM may restrict the ability of a person to perform those tasks that require full ROM or may cause the person to adapt by using trunk movement. The cervical spine is more mobile than the thoracic and the lumbar spine and is designed to meet the requirements of positioning of the head in space and moving to alter the visual field. With the neutral, resting position of the head and neck as a point of reference, these multi-segment, osteokinematic movements are called flexion and extension (sagittal plane), right and left lateral flexion (frontal plane), and right and left rotation (transverse plane).įUNCTIONAL RANGE OF MOTION: CERVICAL SPINE During measurement of cervical movement, the combined motions of all facet joints between the occiput and C7 are measured because segmented motion is very difficult to assess accurately. Although movement at each segment of the cervical spine is somewhat small, the combined movement of all cervical segments produces a large, triaxial/triplanar range of motion (ROM) of the whole cervical spine, including the head. The direction of movement between two vertebrae is greatly influenced, in large part, by the orientation of the joint surfaces that make up the facet joints. ![]() Segmental motion occurs as the top vertebra slides onto the bottom vertebra (arthrokinematic movement), whereby the facet joints of the vertebrae contribute to and guide the motion. These facet joints occur in pairs in the cervical spine, with the inferior facet of the superior cervical vertebrae (oriented inferiorly and anteriorly) articulating with the superior facet surface of the inferior vertebrae (oriented superiorly and posteriorly) (see Fig. The facet joints are located laterally on each side of the spine and are formed by the articulation of the facet surfaces of the two vertebrae. ![]() 9-4 Supporting ligaments of the cervical spine.
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